Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In open channels, the specific energy is the

Kinetic energy plotted above the free surface of water
Total energy measured with respect to the datum passing through the bottom of the channel
Total energy measured above the horizontal datum
Total energy per unit discharge

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
An orifice is said to be large, if

The available head of liquid is less than 5 times the height of orifice
The velocity of flow is large
The available head of liquid is more than 5 times the height of orifice
The size of orifice is large

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
For similarity, in addition to models being geometrically similar to prototype, the following in both cases should also be equal

ratio of inertial force to force due to surface tension
ratio of inertial force to force due to viscosity
all the four ratios of inertial force to force due to viscosity, gravitation, surface tension, and elasticity
ratio of inertial force to force due to gravitation

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