Heat Transfer
The Nusselt number for fully developed (both thermally and hydrodynamically) laminar flow through a circular pipe whose surface temperature remains constant is

88.66
1.66
Dependent on NRe only
3.66

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Heat Transfer
The advantage of backward feed multiple effect evaporators over forward feed units is that

There is no additional cost of pumping
Equal heat transfer co-efficients exist in various effects
Most concentrated liquid is at highest temperature
Heat sensitive material can be handled

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Heat Transfer
Condensing film co-efficient for steam on horizontal tubes ranges from 5000 to 15000 Kcal/hr.m² .°C. Condensation of vapor is carried out inside the tube in a shell and tube heat exchanger, when the

Lower pressure drop through the exchanger is desired
Condensate is corrosive in nature
Temperature of the incoming vapor is very high
Higher condensing film co-efficient is desired

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