Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Axial load plus stress due to bending
Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending
Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation

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Machine Design
An open belt drive is used when

Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the same directions
Driven shaft is to be started or stopped whenever desired without interfering with the driving shaft
Shafts are arranged at right angles and rotate in one definite direction
Shafts are arranged parallel and rotate in the opposite directions

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