Design of Steel Structure
In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is machined for complete bearing on the base plate, then the axial load is assumed to be transferred to base plate

Fully by direct bearing
50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings
Fully through fastenings
75% by direct bearing and 25% through fastenings

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Design of Steel Structure
The mechanism method and the statical method give

upper and lower bounds respectively on the strength of structure
upper bound on the strength of structure
lower bound on the strength of structure
lower and upper bounds respectively on the strength of structure

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