Automobile Engineering in ME
The main function of the tread pattern on tyre is that

The crests between the tread grooves absorb road noise
The tread pattern protects the tyre's inner carcass from small stones and pieces of glass
The tread grooves pass air between the tyre and road surface, thereby preventing tyre from overheating
In wet conditions, the tread grooves expel water that is drawn between the tyre and road surface

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The purpose of a balancer shaft is to

Balance the timing in the movement of the two groups of pistons
Increase inertia force of the rotating crankshaft
Reduce vibrations caused by the crankshaft rotation
Adjusts the timing of the intake and exhaust valve openings

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The compression ratio in petrol engine is kept less than in Diesel engine because

It is just customary to have less compression ratio in petrol engines
Higher or equivalent compression ratio in petrol engines is not possible due to pre-ignition
It makes petrol engines lighter
Less compression ratio gives better performance

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