Automobile Engineering in ME
The main function of the tread pattern on tyre is that

The tread grooves pass air between the tyre and road surface, thereby preventing tyre from overheating
The tread pattern protects the tyre's inner carcass from small stones and pieces of glass
In wet conditions, the tread grooves expel water that is drawn between the tyre and road surface
The crests between the tread grooves absorb road noise

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The compression ratio in petrol engine is kept less than in Diesel engine because

Less compression ratio gives better performance
Higher or equivalent compression ratio in petrol engines is not possible due to pre-ignition
It is just customary to have less compression ratio in petrol engines
It makes petrol engines lighter

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