System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

assumes that the black box is independent
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
None of these
All of these
is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.

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System Analysis and Design
Data Definition Language (DDL)

all of the listed here
determine how data must be structured to produce the user's view
specifies for the DBMS what is required; the techniques used to process data
describes how data are structured in the data base

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