Surveying
The latitude (λ) of a place and the altitude (α) of the pole are related by

λ = α
λ = α - 90°
λ = 180° - α
λ = 90° - α

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Surveying
The meridian of a place is

An arc of the great circle which passes through the place and is perpendicular to the equator
A great circle passing through the place and the poles
A great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and it also passes through the place
A semi-circle which passes through the place and is terminated at the poles

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