System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

assumes that the black box is independent
is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
None of these
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
All of these

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System Analysis and Design
An audit trial is

test data used by the system auditor
All of these
None of these
designed to permit tracing of any input record or process performed on a system, back toits original sources
post-auditing the system after its implementation

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