Automobile Engineering in ME
The indicated power of a four stroke engine (in watts) is equal to (where P = Mean effective pressure in N/m², L = Length of stroke in metres, A = Cross-sectional area of the piston in m², and N = Speed of the engine in revolutions per second (r.p.s)

P.L.A.N/2
P.L.A.N/4
2 × P.L.A.N
P.L.A.N

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Automobile Engineering in ME
A basic difference between the spark ignition engine and the Diesel engine is that the

Diesel engine compresses air alone instead of an air-fuel mixture
All of these
Fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber in the Diesel engine as the piston nears T.D.C. on the compression stroke
Air temperature ignites the fuel in the Diesel engine

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The condition that causes vapour locking in a brake system is

Overcooling of the brakes during high speed driving
Overheating of the fluid due to frequent brake application
Keeping the vehicle without use for an extended period
An excessively high engine speed on a downhill road

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The main function of the tread pattern on tyre is that

The tread grooves pass air between the tyre and road surface, thereby preventing tyre from overheating
In wet conditions, the tread grooves expel water that is drawn between the tyre and road surface
The crests between the tread grooves absorb road noise
The tread pattern protects the tyre's inner carcass from small stones and pieces of glass

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