Automobile Engineering in ME
The indicated power of a four stroke engine (in watts) is equal to (where P = Mean effective pressure in N/m², L = Length of stroke in metres, A = Cross-sectional area of the piston in m², and N = Speed of the engine in revolutions per second (r.p.s)

2 × P.L.A.N
P.L.A.N
P.L.A.N/2
P.L.A.N/4

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The advantage of having a tandem master cylinder arrangement in automobiles is that it

Supplies equal fluid pressure to each line of a divided line brake circuit, thereby preventing the brakes from dragging on one side
Enhances safety by serving two independent lines in a divided line brake circuit
Enhances safety by activating the brakes using vacuum pressure in the event of brake fluid loss
Boosts the brake fluid pressure to reduce the force required to depress the brake pedal

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