Environmental Engineering
Sludge volume index is defined as the ratio of

Percentage of total solids by weight to percentage of sludge by volume
Percentage of sludge by volume to percentage of total solids by weight
Percentage of suspended solids by weight to percentage of sludge by volume
Percentage of sludge by volume to percentage of suspended solids by weight

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Environmental Engineering
In lime-soda process

Lime reduces the carbonate hardness and soda-ash removes the non-carbonate hardness
Lime reduces the non-carbonate hardness and soda-ash removes the carbonate hardness
Only noncarbonated hardness is removed
Only carbonate hardness is removed

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