Microbial Genetics
The flow of genetic material in microbial cells usually takes place from

RNA through DNA to proteins
DNA through RNA to proteins
proteins through RNA to DNA
none of these

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Microbial Genetics
Why the bacterium Treponema pallidum is difficult to culture?

Because it is unable to use carbohydrates as an energy source
Because it requires a great deal of water to reproduce
Because it lacks the genes needed for TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
Because it requires extremely low temperature at which water freezes

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