Mass Transfer
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,

Reboiler load and condenser load are minimum
The top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux
The top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available
Composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column

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Mass Transfer
When the solvent dissolves very little of solute, then

Large quantity of solvent is required to extract the solute
Solvent of low freezing point should be used
Solvent of low latent heat of vaporisation should be used
Very small quantity of solvent is required

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Mass Transfer
The wetted wall tower is used to determine

M.T.C. of liquid in liquid-gas system
M.T.C. of individual components in a liquid-liquid system
Individual mass transfer co-efficient (M.T.C.) in gaseous system
The overall M.T.C. of the system

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