Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The function of a piston rod is

To transfer motion from the piston to the cross head
To guide motion of the piston rod and to prevent it from bending
To convert heat energy of the steam into mechanical work
To exhaust steam from the cylinder at proper moment

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The indicated thermal efficiency is defined as the

Ratio of thermal efficiency to the Rankine efficiency
Ratio of brake power to the indicated power
Product of thermal efficiency and Rankine efficiency
Ratio of heat equivalent to indicated power to the energy supplied in steam

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