Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In designing air preheaters, the important design consideration is that

Heat transfer area should be optimum
Handling and maintenance should be easier
Approach temperature should be as low as possible
Stack gases should not be cooled to the dew point

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In cross compounding, the cylinders are arranged

At 90° and each cylinder has common piston, connecting rod and crank
Side by side and each cylinder has common piston, connecting rod and crank
At 90° and each cylinder has separate piston, connecting rod and crank
Side by side and each cylinder has separate piston, connecting rod and crank

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
For a Parson's reaction turbine, if α₁ and α₂ are fixed blade angles at inlet and exit respectively and β₁ and β₂ are the moving blade angles at entrance and exit respectively, then

α₁ = β₂ and β₁ = α₂
α₁ < β₁ and α₂ > β₂
α₁ = α₂ and β₁ = β₂
α₁ = β₁ and α₂= β₂

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