Power Systems
The fact that current density is higher at the surface when compared to centre is known as

 skin effect
 carona
All of these
 proximity effect

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Power Systems
The value of off diagonal elements is

 which is connected between bus i and bus j with positive sign
 sum of admittances connected at bus j
 which is connected between bus i and bus j with negative sign
 sum of admittances connected at bus i

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