Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Surface tension

Acts in the plane of the interface normal to any line in the surface
Is also known as capillarity
Decreases with fall in temperature
Is a function of the curvature of the interface

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A tank of uniform cross-sectional area (A) containing liquid upto height (H1) has an orifice of cross-sectional area (a) at its bottom. The time required to bring the liquid level from H1 to H2 will be

2A × (√H₁ - √H₂)/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × (√H3/2 - √H3/2)/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × √H₂/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × √H₁/Cd × a × √(2g)

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