Environmental Engineering
The distribution mains are designed for

Maximum hourly demand on maximum day
Maximum hourly demand
Maximum daily demand
Average daily demand

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Environmental Engineering
In lime-soda process

Only noncarbonated hardness is removed
Lime reduces the carbonate hardness and soda-ash removes the non-carbonate hardness
Only carbonate hardness is removed
Lime reduces the non-carbonate hardness and soda-ash removes the carbonate hardness

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Environmental Engineering
The major disadvantage of lime soda process of water softening is that

It is unsuitable for softening the water of excessive hardness
Huge amount of precipitate is formed which creates a disposal problem
It is unsuitable for turbid and acidic water
The effluent cannot be reduced to zero hardness

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