Synchronous Motors
The direction of rotation of a synchronous motor can be reversed by reversing,

Polarity of rotor poles
Current to field winding
Supply phase sequence
None of the listed here

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Synchronous Motors
While starting a salient pole synchronous motor by induction motor action and connecting field discharge resistance across field, starting and accelerting torque is produced by

induction motor torque in damper winding
induction motor torque in field winding
eddy current and hysteresis torque in pole faces
All of the listed here

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