Electrical Machines
The direction of rotation of a DC motor can be determined by

 Lenz's law.
  Fleming's left hand rule.
 Fleming's right hand rule.
 Ampere's law.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  any of the above methods.

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