Machine Design
In cross or regular lay ropes

Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction
Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands
Wires are not twisted
Direction of twist of wires and strands are same

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Machine Design
A hollow saddle key is

A taper key which fits in a key way of the hub and the bottom of the key is shaped to fit the curved surface of the shaft
Provided in pairs at right angles and each key is to withstand torsion in one direction only
A taper key which fits half in the key way of hub and half in the key way of shaft
A taper key which fits in a key way of the hub and is flat on the shaft

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Machine Design
A stud

Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has pointed threads
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has both the ends threaded

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