Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The diagram factor is the ratio of the

Actual mean effective pressure to the theoretical mean effective pressure
Area of the actual indicator diagram to the area of theoretical indicator diagram
Actual workdone per stroke to the theoretical workdone per stroke
Any one of the above

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Carbonization of coal is the process of

Strongly heating coal continuously for about 48 hours in the absence of air in a closed vessel
Heating wood in a limited supply of air at temperatures below 300°C
Binding the pulverized coal into briquettes
Pulverizing coal in inert atmosphere

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