System Analysis and Design
Data manipulation language (DML)

determine how data must be structured to produce the user's view
all of the listed here
describes how data are structured in the data base
specifies for the DBMS what is required; the techniques used to process data

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System Analysis and Design
Indexed-Sequential organization

stores records sequentially but uses an index to locate records
uses an index for each key type
has records placed randomly throughout the file
means storing records in contiguous blocks according to a key

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System Analysis and Design
A square symbols

defines a source or destination of system data
is a data store-data at rest, or a temporary repository of data
None of these
identifies data flow
represents a process that transforms incoming data flow(s) into outgoing data flows

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