DC Generators
In a D.C. generator

External characteristic = magnetization characteristic ohmic drop armature reaction
Internal characteristic = magnetization characteristic ohmic drop
Magnetization characteristic = external characteristic
External resistance = internal characteristic armature reaction

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DC Generators
When two D.C. series generators are running in parallel, an equalizer bar is used

To increase the series flux
To reduce the combined effect of armature reaction of both machines
To increase the speed and hence generated e.m.f.
So that two similar machines will pass approximately equal currents to the load

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