DC Generators
In a D.C. generator

External resistance = internal characteristic armature reaction
External characteristic = magnetization characteristic ohmic drop armature reaction
Magnetization characteristic = external characteristic
Internal characteristic = magnetization characteristic ohmic drop

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DC Generators
While applying Fleming's right-hand rule to and the direction of induced e.m.f., the thumb points towards

Direction of motion of conductor, if forefinger points along the lines of flux
Direction of induced e.m.f.
Direction of motion of the conductor if forefinger points in the direction of generated e.m.f.
Direction of flux

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