Electrical Machines
The compensating winding in a DC machine

  is located on pole shoes for avoiding the flashover at the commutator.
  is located on pole shoes to avoid the sparking at the brushes.
 is located in armature slots for compensation of the armature reaction.
 is located on commutating poles for improving commutation.

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Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  both (A) and (B).
  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.

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