Electrical Machines
The compensating winding in a DC machine

 is located on commutating poles for improving commutation.
  is located on pole shoes to avoid the sparking at the brushes.
  is located on pole shoes for avoiding the flashover at the commutator.
 is located in armature slots for compensation of the armature reaction.

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Electrical Machines
Torque angle of a synchorous machine operating from a constant voltage bus is usually defined as the space angle between

  Rotor mmf wave and stator mmf wave.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant mmf wave.
 Rotor mmf wave and resultant flux density wave.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant flux density.

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