Electrical Machines
Short circuiting is caused in the armature winding due to

  failure of insulation between two turns of coil.
 failure of insulation between two commutator bars.
  any of above.
  grounding of two or more turns of the same coil.

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Electrical Machines
The result of slip test on a 3-phase, 20 KVA, 400 V, 50 Hz connected salient pole alternator is given below- Phase value: Vmax = 100 V, Vmin = 96 V, Imax = 10 A and I min = 7 A. The direct and quadranature axis reactances are respectively

 8.248 and 9.60 Ω.
  14.28 and 5.54 Ω.
 8.248 and 5.54 Ω.
 14.28 and 9.60 Ω.

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