Electrical Machines
Short circuiting is caused in the armature winding due to

  failure of insulation between two turns of coil.
  any of above.
  grounding of two or more turns of the same coil.
 failure of insulation between two commutator bars.

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Electrical Machines
For satisfactory parallel operation of two transformers which of the following conditions is most essential,

 MVA rating of all transformer inversely proportional to impedance.
 percentage impedance of all transformers must be same.
 voltage ratio of all transformers must be same.
  polarities of all transformers must be same.

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