Environmental Engineering
The commonly used material for water supply pipes, which has the properties of being strong, not easily corroded and long life but is heavy and brittle, is

Reinforced cement concrete
Copper
Cast iron
Steel

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Environmental Engineering
Scour valves are provided

At every depression and dead ends to drain out the waste water that may collect there
At every summit of rising mains
At street corners to control the flow of water
At the foot of rising main along the slope to prevent back running of water

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