Environmental Engineering
The commonly used material for water supply pipes, which has the properties of being strong, not easily corroded and long life but is heavy and brittle, is

Reinforced cement concrete
Copper
Steel
Cast iron

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Environmental Engineering
Sludge volume index is defined as the ratio of

Percentage of total solids by weight to percentage of sludge by volume
Percentage of sludge by volume to percentage of suspended solids by weight
Percentage of suspended solids by weight to percentage of sludge by volume
Percentage of sludge by volume to percentage of total solids by weight

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