Environmental Engineering
The commonly used material for water supply pipes, which has the properties of being strong, not easily corroded and long life but is heavy and brittle, is

Copper
Steel
Reinforced cement concrete
Cast iron

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Environmental Engineering
The major disadvantage of lime soda process of water softening is that

The effluent cannot be reduced to zero hardness
It is unsuitable for turbid and acidic water
It is unsuitable for softening the water of excessive hardness
Huge amount of precipitate is formed which creates a disposal problem

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