Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter
Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing
Air is burning out silicon and manganese

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Engineering Materials
Smelting is the process of

Reducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux
All of these
Removing the impurities like clay, sand etc. from the iron ore by washing with water
Expelling moisture, carbon dioxide, sulphur and arsenic from the iron ore by heating in shallow kilns

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Engineering Materials
White cast iron

Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material

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