Heat Transfer
The average heat transfer co-efficient over the entire length of the plate (ha) and the local heat transfer co-efficient (hL), in case of heat transfer over a flat plate in lminar zone is related as

Ha = 0.8hL
Ha = hL
Ha = 2hL
Ha= 5hL

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Achieve very high concentration of the final product

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