System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and and design is

All of these
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity.
to prepare flowcharts after programming has been completed
None of these
to identify a top level function and then create a hierarchy of lower level modules and components

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System Analysis and Design
An audit trial is

test data used by the system auditor
None of these
All of these
post-auditing the system after its implementation
designed to permit tracing of any input record or process performed on a system, back toits original sources

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