Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
Non uniform flow occurs when

the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
the velocity of successive fluid par-ticles, at any point, is the same at suc-cessive periods of time
velocity, depth, pressure, etc. change from point to point in the fluid flow
the fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline pat-terns are identical in each plane

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
True one-dimensional flow occurs when

the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid
the velocity of successive fluid par-ticles, at any point, is the same at suc-cessive periods of time
the direction and magnitude of the veiocity at all points are identical
the fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline pat-terns are identical in each plane

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
According to Bernoulli’s equation for steady ideal fluid flow

total energy is constant throughout
principle of conservation of mass holds
the energy is constant along a stream-line but may vary across streamlines
velocity and pressure are inversely proportional

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
For laminar flow in a pipe of circular cross-section, the Darcy’s friction factor f is

inversely proportional to Reynolds number and directly proportional to pipe wall roughness
directly proportional to Reynolds number and independent of pipe wall roughness
directly proportional to pipe wall roughness and independent of Reynolds number
inversely proportional to Reynolds number and indpendent of pipe wall roughness

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