System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
None of these
assumes that the black box is independent
All of these
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable

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System Analysis and Design
Positive testing is

making sure that the new programs do in fact process certain transactions according to Specifications
running the system with line data by the actual user
is checking the logic of one or more programs in the candidate system
testing changes made in an existing or a new program

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