Engineering Materials
Steel contains

80% or more iron
50% or more iron
Elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities
Alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper

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Engineering Materials
The unit cells

May be defined as the smallest parallelepiped which could be transposed in three coordinate directions to build up the space lattice
All of these
Have the same orientation and their similar faces are parallel
Contain the smallest number of atoms which when taken together have all the properties of the crystals of the particular metal

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Engineering Materials
Ductile cast iron

Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material

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