Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is not recommended to be used, if the

Azeotropic mixture is to be separated and the final product is miscible with water
Material to be distilled is thermally unstable or has the tendency to react with other components associated with it, at the boiling temperature
Liquids decompose, if distilled directly at atmospheric pressure
Material can not be distilled by indirect heating even under low pressure, because of the high boiling temperature

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Mass Transfer
Channelling is most severe

In dumped packing of regular units
In towers packed with stacked packing
In towers packed randomly with crushed solids
At very high liquid flow rate

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