Refractory Technology
Spalling resistance of a refractory can not be increased by

Using a coarser grog during its manufacture
Increasing its porosity
Making it denser
Decreasing its thermal co-efficient of expansion

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Refractory Technology
Natural silica

All of these
Is not stable at high temperature
Mainly contains quartz
Transforms to other allotropic forms i.e tridymite and cristoballite involving very high volume changes

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