Mass Transfer
Solvent extraction is the terminology applied to the liquid-liquid extraction, which is preferred for the separation of the components of liquids, when

Viscosity of liquid components is very high
One of the liquid components has very high affinity towards the solvent
Extracting solvent is cheaply & abundantly available
One of the liquid components is heat sensitive

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Mass Transfer
Fenske's equation for determining the minimum number of theoretical stages in distillation column holds good, when the

Mixture (to be separated) shows negative deviation from ideality
Mixture (to be separated) shows positive deviation from ideality
Multicomponent distillation is involved
Relative volatility is reasonably constant

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Mass Transfer
The rate of solid-liquid extraction is limited by the

Phase change of the solute as it dissolves in the solvent
Diffusion of the solute through the solvent in the pores to the outside of the particle
All of these
Diffusion of the solute from the solution in contact with the particle to the main bulk of the solution

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