Engineering Materials
The brown smoke during the operation of a Bessemer converter indicates that the

Silicon and manganese has burnt and carbon has started oxidizing
Air is burning out silicon and manganese
The converter must be titled to remove the contents of the converter
The brown smoke does not occur during the operation of a Bessemer converter

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Engineering Materials
Steel contains

Elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities
Alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper
50% or more iron
80% or more iron

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Engineering Materials
The temperature required for full annealing in hypereutectoid steel is

30° C to 50° C above lower critical temperature
30° C to 50° C below lower critical temperature
30° C to 50° C above upper critical temperature
30° C to 50° C below upper critical temperature

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