Manufacturing And Production Technology
Shrinkage allowance on pattern is provided to compensate for shrinkage when

The temperature of liquid metal drops from pouring to freezing temperature
The temperature of solid phase drops from freezing to room temperature
The metal changes from liquid to solid state at freezing temperature
The temperature of metal drops from pouring to room temperature

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Manufacturing And Production Technology
In ultrasonic machining, the metal is removed by

Erosion caused by rapidly recurring spark discharges between the tool and work
Direct contact of tool with the work
Using abrasive slurry between the tool and work
Maintaining an electrolyte between the work and tool in a very small gap between the two

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