Manufacturing And Production Technology
In ultrasonic machining, the metal is removed by

Erosion caused by rapidly recurring spark discharges between the tool and work
Direct contact of tool with the work
Maintaining an electrolyte between the work and tool in a very small gap between the two
Using abrasive slurry between the tool and work

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Manufacturing And Production Technology
The primary purpose of a sprue in a casting mould is to

Help feed the casting until all solidification takes place
Act as a reservoir for molten metal
Feed molten metal from the pouring basin to the gate
Feed the casting at a rate consistent with the rate of solidification

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