Workshop Technology
Sand wash is a casting defect which

Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of the casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting

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Workshop Technology
During hot working of metals

Grain structure of the metal is refined
Mechanical properties are improved due to refinement of grains
All of the listed here
Porosity of the metal is largely eliminated

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