Process Control and Instrumentation
Routh test

Can not determine as to how many roots of the characteristics equation have positive real roots
Criterion is not applicable to systems with polynomial characteristic equation
Criterion provides information about the actual location of roots
Cannot be used to test the stability of a control system containing transportation lag

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Normal mercury thermometer can be used to measure a temperature of about 300°C. However, its maximum temperature measurement range can be increased upto about 500°C by

Filling nitrogen under pressure in the stem
Increasing the diameter of the tube
Accounting for the tube expansion
Using steel tube in place of glass tube

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