Heat Transfer
Rate of heat transfer by vaporisation from pools of water is affected by the

Nature of heating surface and distribution of bubbles
All of these
Viscosity of water
Surface tension of water

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Achieve very high concentration of the final product
Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam

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