Mass Transfer
Radioactive nuclear waste is treated in

Pulsed column extractor
Rotating-disc contactor
Mixer-settler extractor
Bollman extractor

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Mass Transfer
Priming in a distillation column

Reduces the overall pressure drop
Results from very low gas velocity
Is desirable from point efficiency consideration
Is characterised by the presence of foam throughout the space between trays

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Mass Transfer
Plate efficiency

Increases due to weeping and dumping of liquid
Increases due to foaming
Is a function of the mass transfer between liquid and vapour
Increases due to liquid entrainment

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