Process Control and Instrumentation
Radiation thermometer can not measure the temperature

Of an object without coming in contact with it
Inside a pressure vessel
Of liquid oxygen
Of moving objects at high temperature

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve and controller action to be recommended are

Air to open valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to open valve with the controller direct acting
Air to close valve with the controller direct acting
Air to close valve with the controller indirect acting

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