Electrical Machines
R1 is the resistance of the primary winding of the transformer. The turn ratio in terms of primary to secondary is K. Then the equivalent resistance of the primary referred to secondary is

 R1 /K
 K²R1
 K×R1
 R1 /K²

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Electrical Machines
Armature reaction in a DC machine

 makes an angle with the main pole axis which is load dependent.
  makes an angle of 90° with the main pole axis.
 is in direct opposition to the main poles.
 is in the same direction as the main poles.

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