Electrical Machines
R1 is the resistance of the primary winding of the transformer. The turn ratio in terms of primary to secondary is K. Then the equivalent resistance of the primary referred to secondary is

 K²R1
 K×R1
 R1 /K²
 R1 /K

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Electrical Machines
In an alternator, voltage drops occurs in

  armature resistance, leakage reactance and armature reaction.
  armature resistance and leakage reactance.
  armature resistance, leakage reactance, armature reaction and earth connection.
  armature resistance only.

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