Electrical Machines
R1 is the resistance of the primary winding of the transformer. The turn ratio in terms of primary to secondary is K. Then the equivalent resistance of the primary referred to secondary is

 K×R1
 R1 /K²
 R1 /K
 K²R1

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Electrical Machines
An ideal synchronous motor has no starting torque because

  relative velocity between stator and rotor mmf’s is not zero.
 rotor winding is highly reactive.
 relative velocity between the stator and rotor mmf’s is zero.
 rotor is made up of salient poles.

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