DATABASE REDESIGN QUIZ

Growth factors

Nitric oxide

Adrenaline

Progesterone

phosphorylated tyrosine residues

phosphorylated serine residues

Ca2+

GDP

They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms

They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules

They are involved in signal cascades

They become activated when bound to GDP

They bind to and are regulated by guanine nucleotides

They must be active before the cell can make needed cAMP

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor

phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade

All of these

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

never enter the blood of humans

signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins

kinase; receptor; proteases

signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins

signaling molecule; target cell; receptors

Insulin

Adenylate cyclase

Thyroxin

Testosterone

lnositol 1,4,5-triphosphate

Diacyl glycerol

Both (a) and (b)

Phospholipase C

PDGF; the blood

NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes

Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas

Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel