CELL SIGNALLING AND TRANSDUCTION QUIZ

neurotransmitters

none of these

both (a) and (b)

hormones

Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell

Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process

It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell

It is a steroid

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane

never enter the blood of humans

Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

All of these

Nitric oxide would no longer be produced

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure

Ca2+

phosphorylated serine residues

GDP

phosphorylated tyrosine residues

lnositol 1,4,5-triphosphate

Both (a) and (b)

Diacyl glycerol

Phospholipase C

signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins

signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins

kinase; receptor; proteases

signaling molecule; target cell; receptors

changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved

None of these

makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule

allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane

It is in the heart muscle

It is incapable of signal transduction

It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule

It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule

Adenylate cyclase

Testosterone

Thyroxin

Insulin