CELL SIGNALLING AND TRANSDUCTION QUIZ

It is a steroid

It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell

Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process

Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell

GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively

None of these

Signal transduction

Signal amplification

Signal integration

Signal reception

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

signaling molecule; receptor; G proteins

signaling molecule; target cell; receptors

signaling molecule; target cell; G proteins

kinase; receptor; proteases

must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor

results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect

involves the activation of a G protein

All of these

Testosterone

Adenylate cyclase

Thyroxin

Insulin

NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes

PDGF; the blood

Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel

Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas

They are involved in signal cascades

They bind to and are regulated by guanine nucleotides

They become activated when bound to GDP

They must be active before the cell can make needed cAMP

breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart

mimics the action of signal receptors

interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle

is broken down into hormones that affect the heart