CELL SIGNALLING AND TRANSDUCTION QUIZ

Testosterone

Thyroxin

Insulin

Adenylate cyclase

hormones

neurotransmitters

none of these

both (a) and (b)

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process

It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell

Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell

It is a steroid

phosphorylated serine residues

GDP

phosphorylated tyrosine residues

Ca2+

NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes

PDGF; the blood

Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel

Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas

Growth factors

Adrenaline

Progesterone

Nitric oxide

three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

None of these

two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

three distinct types based on the signaling molecules

lnositol 1,4,5-triphosphate

Diacyl glycerol

Both (a) and (b)

Phospholipase C

All of these

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure

Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

Nitric oxide would no longer be produced