CELL SIGNALLING AND TRANSDUCTION QUIZ

None of these

ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively

GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

never enter the blood of humans

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane

Growth factors

Progesterone

Nitric oxide

Adrenaline

DAG

All of these

cGMP

cAMP

nitric oxides

neurotransmitters

G proteins

proteases

Nitric oxide would no longer be produced

All of these

Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure

phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade

All of these

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor

changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved

None of these

allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane

makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule

Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule

Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far

None of these

Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood

involves the activation of a G protein

results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect

All of these

must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor