CELL SIGNALLING AND TRANSDUCTION QUIZ

none of these

neurotransmitters

hormones

both (a) and (b)

Growth factors

Progesterone

Nitric oxide

Adrenaline

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization

communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes

cell specialization and communication between cells

prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization

They are involved in signal cascades

They must be active before the cell can make needed cAMP

They bind to and are regulated by guanine nucleotides

They become activated when bound to GDP

Both (a) and (b)

lnositol 1,4,5-triphosphate

Phospholipase C

Diacyl glycerol

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure

All of these

Nitric oxide would no longer be produced

Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

Because nitric oxide breaks down quickly and thus cannot travel far

Because nitric oxide cannot cross cell membranes and enter the blood

None of these

Because other body tissues use a different signaling molecule

increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

makes the receptor more likely to capture the signaling, molecule

None of these

allows hydrophilic signaling molecules to cross the plasma membrane

changes the shape and thus the enzymatic activity of the proteins involved

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane

never enter the blood of humans

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades