CELL SIGNALLING AND TRANSDUCTION QUIZ

increase in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

decrease in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

increase in the concentration of certain extracellular signaling molecules called first messenger

decrease in the concentration of certain intracellular signaling molecules called second messenger

cell specialization and communication between cells

communication between cells and simple nerve reflexes

simple nerve reflexes and cell specialization

prokaryotic cell structure and cell specialization

Ion-channel linked receptors

Enzyme linked receptors

All of these

G protein linked receptors

Insulin

Testosterone

Adenylate cyclase

Thyroxin

Ca2+

phosphorylated tyrosine residues

phosphorylated serine residues

GDP

interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle

mimics the action of signal receptors

breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart

is broken down into hormones that affect the heart

cGMP

DAG

All of these

cAMP

All of these

must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor

involves the activation of a G protein

results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect

phospholipase C

phosphodiesterase C

phosphokinase C

lipokinase

both (a) and (b)

target cells close to the cell from which it was secreted

None of these

target cells distant from its site of synthesis in cells of an endocrine organ