CELL SIGNALLING AND TRANSDUCTION QUIZ

must begin with receipt of the signal molecule by a surface receptor

involves the activation of a G protein

results in the activation of a sequence of enzymes needed for the cell effect

All of these

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane

never enter the blood of humans

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

It is incapable of signal transduction

It contains the receptor for the signaling molecule

It is in the heart muscle

It is also the site of production for the signaling molecule

All of these

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor

phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade

Signal amplification

Signal integration

Signal reception

Signal transduction

They block the normal functioning of signal transduction mechanisms

They alter the chemical structure of key signaling molecules

They prevent the production of key signaling molecules

They destroy the receptors for key signaling molecules

They are involved in signal cascades

They bind to and are regulated by guanine nucleotides

They must be active before the cell can make needed cAMP

They become activated when bound to GDP

Adenylate cyclase

Insulin

Testosterone

Thyroxin

None of these

three distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

two distinct types based on the distance over which the signaling molecules act

three distinct types based on the signaling molecules

Adrenaline

Progesterone

Growth factors

Nitric oxide