CARBOHYDRATE QUIZ

Pyruvate is initially converted to which of the following in the gluconeogenesis?

Phosphoenol pyruvate

Glycerol

Acetyl CoA

Oxaloacetate

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A common way that cells capture the energy released during the breakdown of large molecules is to add electrons to smaller, specialized molecules that can accept them. This process of electron acceptance is otherwise known as

biosynthesis

reduction

metabolism

catalysis

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Gluconeogenesis is the

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors

formation of glycogen

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a-amylose is similar to

α-helices

β-turned coils

the hydrophobic core

β-sheets

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The multistep pathways of metabolism are efficient because they

spread the enzymes for a pathway into several different organelles

locate all of the enzymes for a pathway in the same place within the cell

use the same enzyme for all of the substrates in the pathway

use the same substrate for all of the enzymes in the pathway

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The cells dependent solely on glucose as an energy source are

liver cells

brain cells

kidney cells

muscle cells

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The hormones, glucagon and epinephrine, stimulate glycogen breakdown to G-6-P

directly, by binding to glycogen phosphorylase

using ATP as the phosphoryl donor

indirectly, by first stimulating adenylate cyclase to make cAMP

only in the liver

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Gluconeogenesis requires a higher amount of ATP equivalents as compared to that produced by glycolysis because

gluconeogenesis releases energy as heat

glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria while gluconeogenesis occurs in the cytosol

All of these

glycolysis releases energy as heat

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Patients suffering from Von Gierke's disease are unable to perform gluconeogeneis because they have a defective

none of these

lactate dehydrogenase

pyruvate carboxylase

glucose 6 phosphatase

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What is present in the stomach to prevent self-digestion?

Mucus

Enzymes

hormones

acid

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