ANALOG ELECTRONICS QUIZ

Signal reception

Signal amplification

Signal transduction

Signal integration

Its receptor is located in the cytosol of the target cell

It might trigger a signal cascade that causes some effect in a cell

It is a steroid

Since it can enter the cell, it directly affects some specific cell process

ATP and GTP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

GTP and ATP by the actions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase respectively

ATP and GTP by the actions of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase respectively

None of these

never enter the blood of humans

bind to cell surface receptors to trigger chemical cascades

are made in one location of the body but have their effects some distance away

are hydrophilic and so cannot penetrate the plasma membrane

Nitric oxide would no longer be produced

It would be more difficult to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure

Smooth muscle cells could not be made to relax

All of these

relaxation of smooth muscle cells

All of these

reduced blood pressure

the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells

lipokinase

phosphokinase C

phospholipase C

phosphodiesterase C

phosphorylated proteins act with enzymes to trigger the signal cascade

receptor kinases play a key role in triggering the signal cascade

All of these

the signaling molecule binds to a surface receptor

NGF; the nerves involved in simple reflexes

PDGF; the blood

Insulin; beta cells of the pancreas

Insulin; many different cell types that use glucose for fuel

interferes with chemical cascades that trigger contraction of heart muscle

is broken down into hormones that affect the heart

mimics the action of signal receptors

breaks down into nitric oxide, which increases blood flow to the heart