Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Producer gas is produced by

Partial combustion of coal, coke, anthracite coal or charcoal in a mixed air steam blast
Passing steam over incandescent coke
Passing air and a large amount of steam over waste coal at about 65°C
Carbonisation of coal

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Volumetric efficiency of a compressor with clearance volume

In not dependent upon compression ratio
May increase/decrease depending on compressor capacity
Increases with increase in compression ratio
Decreases with increase in compression ratio

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Clearance volume in actual reciprocating compressors is essential

To provide cushioning effect and also to avoid mechanical bang of piston with cylinder head
To accommodate Valves in the cylinder head
To attain high volumetric efficiency
To provide cushioning effect

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